The recent cases of alleged sexual harassment faced by female wrestlers in India have highlighted the lack of functioning Internal Complaints Committees (ICCs) and the need for strict adherence to the Vishaka guidelines. These incidents emphasize the necessity of effective mechanisms for reporting and addressing workplace harassment. Despite the addition of specific offences related to sexual harassment in the Indian Penal Code (IPC) in 2013, victims often hesitate to report due to the absence of proper redressal mechanisms.
Importance of Vishaka Guidelines
The Vishaka guidelines, framed by the Supreme Court of India in 1997, serve as a crucial framework for preventing and addressing sexual harassment at workplaces. Both government and private institutions must adhere to these guidelines to uphold the fundamental rights of women. Any violation not only undermines workplace safety but also perpetuates gender discrimination and inequality.
Challenges Faced by Women in the Workforce
1. Sexual Harassment at the Workplace
Sexual harassment remains one of the most pressing concerns affecting women globally. In India, the National Commission for Women (NCW) received nearly 31,000 complaints of crimes against women in 2022, the highest since 2014. Of these, 54.5% of complaints originated from Uttar Pradesh, followed by Delhi, Maharashtra, Bihar, and Haryana. These alarming figures highlight the urgency of ensuring safe work environments.
2. Gender Discrimination
Women continue to face discrimination in hiring, promotions, and pay. Despite possessing equal or superior qualifications, they often struggle to reach leadership roles due to deep-rooted biases. Gender disparities in pay and career growth contribute to a lack of equal opportunities in various industries.
3. Lack of Diversity in Organizations
Organizations with limited diversity often lack the understanding and empathy needed to support women employees. A diverse workplace fosters inclusivity and ensures fair treatment, which is essential for a healthy work environment.
4. Inadequate Support for Working Mothers
Women with children face significant challenges in balancing work and family responsibilities. Many workplaces do not offer flexible working hours, maternity benefits, or childcare support, forcing women to either quit their jobs or compromise their career growth.
5. Occupational Segregation
Women are often concentrated in low-paying, traditionally female-dominated fields, while men dominate higher-paying industries and leadership positions. This occupational segregation limits economic independence and professional growth opportunities for women.
Steps to Create a Women-Friendly Workplace
1. Providing Women-Friendly Infrastructure
A workplace should have physical spaces designed for the safety and comfort of women. This includes:
- Separate washrooms and breastfeeding rooms.
- Well-lit and secure office premises.
- Accessibility measures for women with disabilities.
2. Constitution of Internal Complaint Committees (ICCs)
The Sexual Harassment of Women at Workplace (Prevention, Prohibition and Redressal) Act, 2013, mandates the formation of Internal Complaint Committees (ICCs) in every organization. An ICC should:
- Include both men and women as members.
- Be chaired by a senior female employee.
- Be responsible for addressing and resolving complaints of sexual harassment fairly and effectively.
3. Spreading Awareness on Workplace Safety
Educating employees about their rights and complaint procedures is crucial. Employers should:
- Conduct regular training sessions on workplace harassment laws.
- Organize workshops to promote gender sensitivity.
- Foster a zero-tolerance policy for sexual harassment.
4. Addressing Deep-Rooted Structural and Cultural Violence
To create an equitable society, workplaces must address underlying cultural and structural violence. Some key steps include:
- Education and Awareness: Promoting gender equality from an early age.
- Empowering Marginalized Groups: Encouraging women from all backgrounds to participate in the workforce.
- Policy and Legal Reforms: Strengthening laws to ensure strict action against workplace harassment.
- Challenging Harmful Beliefs: Addressing societal biases that hinder women’s professional growth.
Ensuring a safe workplace for women requires collective effort from employers, policymakers, and society. By implementing strong legal frameworks, promoting gender inclusivity, and spreading awareness, workplaces can become safer and more equitable for women. Creating a work environment free from harassment and discrimination is not just a legal obligation but a moral responsibility that leads to a more productive and fair society.
